If I Am Hiv Positive Will My Baby Be
Human immunodeficiency virus, more commonly known as HIV, is a virus that, without treatment, leads to deterioration of your trunk's immune organization to a point where your torso has trouble fighting off mild infections. When your immune arrangement has become severely damaged after a prolonged period with HIV, information technology'southward known as acquired immune deficiency syndrome or AIDS.
HIV is a bloodborne retrovirus that infects specific cells in the homo allowed system chosen CD4 T cells. CD4 cells normally play an important role in your immune system. They're responsible for detecting harmful pathogens like leaner and viruses and then your trunk tin can begin fighting off those pathogens.
There'south no cure for HIV, and in one case you contract it, the virus will remain in your body for life. Over fourth dimension, if left untreated, HIV can progressively damage your immune system to a point where you become susceptible to AIDS-defining illnesses — infections and conditions that wouldn't normally make you sick if your immune system was functioning properly.
In accolade of National HIV/AIDS & Crumbling Awareness Day, nosotros're going to discuss the causes of, symptoms of, and treatments for HIV and AIDs.
Many people have no symptoms at all after initially becoming infected with HIV. However, most people do feel some non-specific symptoms inside the get-go few weeks after infection. This ways the symptoms are typical of many illnesses and don't immediately bespeak to ane specific condition as their cause. For HIV, non-specific symptoms include:
- Flu-like symptoms
- Diarrhea
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Headache
- Stiff or agonized muscles
- Rash
- Mouth ulcers
- Sore throat
- Sweating at night
- Swollen lymph glands
After this initial illness, which is known as "seroconversion," most people live for many years without whatever symptoms until the virus has harmed their immune system to a bespeak where they start to become significantly more vulnerable to infections and illnesses.
HIV is present in the claret, pre-ejaculatory fluid, semen, vaginal fluid, rectal fluid, and chest milk of people with the virus. HIV can be transmitted by:
- Sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sexual practice, and through the sharing of sex toys
- Sharing of needles, which most commonly occurs in groups of people who are using intravenous drugs
- Receiving a blood transfusion from an infected private; this rarely occurs in developed countries, as donor blood is usually screened for claret-borne viruses such as HIV
- Childbirth; HIV can be passed from the pregnant parent to the child during pregnancy or childbirth
- Breastfeeding; HIV exists in chest milk and can be passed on to a child
In rare cases, HIV tin also be spread by:
- Ingesting pre-chewed food from someone who has the virus; this is a common practice in some underdeveloped countries and is generally done to feed small children or elderly people
- Being bitten past someone or bitter someone who has HIV
- Kissing, if there is bleeding inside the mouth
- Undergoing torso-modification procedures such as tattoos or piercings if tools are not properly sterilized between clients
The vast majority of cases of HIV in the United States are acquired via sexual contact. HIV cannot be spread by:
- Air
- H2o
- Insect bites
- Saliva
- Sweat
- Tears
- Casual contact such equally shaking easily or hugging
Diagnosing HIV
HIV is usually diagnosed via a blood test. The most accurate and reliable test is known as a fourth-generation exam. Information technology checks for both a specific part of the HIV viral construction (chosen the p24 antigen) and your ain torso'south response to the infection (HIV antibodies).
Point-of-care tests are also available, and they differ from quaternary-generation tests. These take a small sample of saliva or blood and provide a result in less than an 60 minutes. Nonetheless, these are less sensitive and may not pick up all cases of HIV due to the smaller concentration of antibodies in the saliva or small blood sample. Y'all should always follow up a betoken-of-care effect with a confirmatory laboratory test. There are likewise self-sampling and domicile-testing kits available.
Any positive result is unremarkably repeated to check it wasn't a rare false-positive. If you're diagnosed with HIV, you'll be referred to a specialist HIV centre to discuss treatment correct away.
HIV has a window period, meaning it can accept a certain length of time for a exam to be able to detect the virus in your body. Many newer tests can decide results in 99% of people 45 days following their potential exposure. If you think you might take been exposed to HIV, it may non show up in a blood test for 45 days. Indicate-of-care testing and at-home testing tin have an even longer window period, sometimes lasting up to 12 weeks.
Treatment for HIV
There is no cure for HIV, only the infection tin exist managed, allowing people with the virus to pb long and normal lives. Treatment for HIV unremarkably involves a number of dissimilar antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. The virus requires an enzyme called protease in order to replicate, then handling will involve protease inhibitors as well equally ARV drugs. This combination of medications is called highly active antiretroviral treatment, or HAART.
The aim of treatment is to reduce the level of circulating virus particles in your torso to a point where HIV is no longer detectable. This means that the virus is at such low levels that it won't crusade nearly as much impairment to your immune organisation, and you likely won't exist able to transmit information technology to anyone. Undetectable means untransmissable. Many people reach this level within six months of handling.
HIV drugs, similar any medication, can cause side effects, such as nausea, diarrhea, headache and rash. Some people experience long-term side furnishings, such as changes in blood cholesterol levels or interference with liver or kidney performance. Yous'll exist regularly monitored for these side effects once you lot start medication therapy.
How well the handling is working is monitored by two parameters: the HIV viral load, meaning how many viral particles are present in your blood, and the CD4 count, which is a measure of how much the HIV virus has damaged specific blood cells of your immune system.
Mail service-exposure prophylaxis, or PEP, is a prepare of medications that you can take very soon later on potential exposure to HIV. In near cases, these drugs tin forestall infection from occurring. This handling should but exist used in an emergency and must be taken within 72 hours of exposure. PEP is usually taken for a period of 28 days.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP (available nether the make names Truvada® and Descovy®), is a medication that y'all can have if you're at high chance of contracting HIV. These drugs can protect you from acquiring an infection with the virus. You lot can take PrEP daily or "on demand," in which you take the medication right before you could potentially exist exposed to the virus.
HIV Prognosis
HIV is a chronic status that currently has no cure, just people with the virus take plenty of effective options for managing the condition and living comfortably. Without treatment, about every HIV patient will keep to develop AIDS. However, when doctors discover HIV early and begin providing prompt treatment, the prognosis for people with HIV is very skillful. Nowadays, someone who's diagnosed early on with a high CD4 count has the same life expectancy every bit someone without HIV. However, people with HIV exercise appear to develop some other weather condition at earlier ages than those without HIV — including cardiovascular illness, kidney disease, lung affliction, diabetes and cancer — which may equate to differences in quality of life.
If someone doesn't go treatment early, the virus volition progress and weaken their immune system, which may cause more than complications later on in life. Withal, treatment can still be effective, no affair when the virus is diagnosed.
In that location'south a very small-scale group of people who, despite having HIV in their bodies, never develop AIDS. These patients are called "long-term nonprogressors," and it's not clear what makes them resistant to the furnishings of HIV.
The all-time way to foreclose the spread of HIV is to exercise safe sex activity, every bit this is how most cases are transmitted. Consistent and correct rubber utilise can forestall the spread of the virus. Sharing needles when misusing injectable drugs is another mutual form of transmission, and it'south important to never share another person'south needles or injecting equipment. If you lot're looking for assistance in overcoming drug addiction, contact the Substance Abuse and Mental Wellness Services Administration National Helpline at ane-800-662-4357 for free and confidential counseling.
HIV can be transmitted from a pregnant parent to their unborn child, so it's important if you accept HIV and get meaning to inform your obstetrician immediately. They can assist y'all take steps to reduce the gamble of spreading the disease to your unborn baby. Consider the use of PrEP to forestall infection conquering if you're unable to avert potential contact with HIV.
Resource Links:
https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/default.html
https://www.fpa.org.uk/sites/default/files/hiv-information-and-advice.pdf
https://www.aidsmap.com/news/mar-2020/yes-same-life-expectancy-hiv-negative-people-far-fewer-years-good-health
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hiv-and-aids/
https://medlineplus.gov/hivaids.html
https://bestpractice.bmj.com/patient-leaflets/en-gb/pdf/3000138/HIV%3A%20what%20is%20it%3F.pdf
https://www.tht.org.great britain/hiv-and-sexual-health
https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics
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Source: https://www.symptomfind.com/health/hiv-condition?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740013%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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